Language And Thought Subcategories

Language And Thought

Which of these statements about scenario research is true?

A. In the sentence ‘Harry drove to London there may be a default representation of the fact that a car was used. subsequent mention of a car should not be a problem because its default is already in the representation resulting from the sentence and Sanfo
B. Sanford are Garrod argued that we automatically relate what is being said to background knowledge is organized in long-term memory about specific situations
C. In Garnham’s experiment cooked was a better retrieval cue for the sentence ‘Mary cooked the chips than was fried because ‘cooked’ actually appears in the sentence
D. Scenarios result from next comprehension; they do not help comprehension take place

Which of the following statements is in terms of the modular view of word-sense retrieval?

A. The modular view of word-sense retrieval is that word meanings are stored in a way that is not context sensitive
B. When we encounter a string of letters that represents a word, we automatically look up and retrieve the meaning
C. If a string represents more than one word, than only one meaning is immediately retrieved if the context indicates which one
D. the modular view o0f word-meaning extraction is attractive because it keeps the mechanisms of looking up word-meaning separate from context

The temporary inability to retrieve a word that is well-known to us is referred to as the:

A. Recency effect
B. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
C. Wernicke’s aphasia
D. Acquired dyslexia

All of the following qualities describe reasoning by intuition except for:

A. Occurs automatically
B. Fast analysis of information
C. Strong feeling of conviction
D. Logical analysis

Which one of the following statements are true of the Wason selection, or four-card problem (Wason,1966)? 1. The Wason Selection Task is a good task because it produces identical results in concrete and abstract forms 2. In general, concrete versions of the task are more difficult to think about than uncluttered abstract versions. 3. Although the task is one of pure reasoning some concrete versions are easier because of how we think in certain social situations. 4. People typically pick one card correctly, but pick an inappropriate one as the second choice in the original version of the task.

A. 1 & 2
B. 3 & 4
C. 1 & 4
D. 2 & 3

Which of the following statements about Swinney’s 1979 experiment is FALSE?

A. Participants were presented with spoken passage like these; (a) Mary needed to buy some presents, so she went to the bank;(b) Mary found the river cold ,so she swam to the bank
B. immediately after the presentation of the ambiguous word, Swinney presented a single letter string on a screen participants had to decide whether the letter string was a world or not(a lexical decision)
C. When the string was a word, it could either be related to the intended sense of the ambiguous word(e.g) money’) related to the other sense (e.g mud), or unrelated to other
D. It turned out that there was differential advantage (priming) for different sense of the word when there was a delay before the second stimulus depending on the meaning so context appeared to affect initial sense selection

Which of the following is an example of people’s reliance on the representativeness heuristic to make decisions or judgements?

A. People report that they did more than 50% of the work in domestic situations
B. People tend to overestimate car accidents
C. People are more likely to attribute a case of heartbum to spicy food than bland food
D. People tend to underestimate death from diabetes

Which of the following statements about interpretation of language is correct?

A. There is one principle class of phenomena that requires more than literal meaning
B. In understanding metaphor the processor first has to parse sentences than has to determine their significance too
C. The meaning of “Could you close the door?” can be established on the basis of semantics alone
D. Both a & b

Which TWO of the following statements are true of parsing? 1.Psycholinguistics has been especially concerned with how people parse sentences- that is, how they break them down into their correct phonological structures. 2.Parsing has to be done because otherwise, it would be impossible to interpret a sentence to all. 3.The difficulty in understanding some sentences can be ascribed to an initial misinterpretation ; this is called a ‘country walk’. 4.Misparsing a sentence can result in failure in comprehension at all levels.

A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 2 & 4
D. 3 & 4

Research studies that examine people’s responses on the Watson Selection test, the military problem puzzle and speak-aloud protocols have demonstrated that reasoning about problems is strongly influenced by:

A. Logic
B. Detection of the problem
C. Conditional of the problem
D. Heuristics