Scott has just been reprimanded by his supervisor. Later on, Scott begins to “stomp around” and throws a tantrum in front of his co-workers. Scott’s behavior exemplifies which of the following?

A. rationalization
B. reaction formation
C. regression
D. projection

Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as:

A. external locus of control
B. projection
C. optimism
D. the Barnum effect

What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction?

A. Situations change traits
B. Situations create new traits
C. Traits determine situations
D. Situations affect how traits are exhibited

According to Freud, the key to mental health is:

A. an overpowering superego
B. an unrestrained id
C. dominance of the pleasure principle
D. balance among mental processes

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

A. learned helplessness
B. the spotlight effect
C. self-serving bias
D. an Electra complex

In assessing a client’s personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between:

A. ideal self and actual self
B. the pleasure principle and the reality principle
C. introversion and extroversion
D. the client’s values and the therapist’s values

If self-esteem is too high, the person may be:

A. boring
B. ineffective
C. dull
D. arrogant

A psychotherapist instructs Dilawar to relax close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as:

A. fixation
B. free association
C. factor analysis
D. projection

Which of the following approaches to personality is least deterministic?

A. the humanistic approach
B. the psychoanalytic approach
C. Skinner’s approach
D. the behavioral approach

The strongest support for the theory that personality is heavily influenced by genetics is provided by strong personality similarity between:

A. identical twins reared together
B. identical twins reared apart
C. fraternal twins reared together
D. non-twins reared together