The perception that one’s fate is determined by luck reflects:

A. self-serving bias
B. an external locus of control
C. the pleasure principle
D. reciprocal determinism

The trait of optimism is most closely related to a strong sense of:

A. Conditional positive regard
B. personal control
C. gender identity
D. reciprocal determinism

According to Higgins’ self-discrepancy theory, what are individuals motivated to do?

A. Attain the attributes of the ought self
B. Attain the attributes of the ideal self
C. Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ideal self
D. Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ought self

_______theory maximized and________theory minimized the role of the unconscious.

A. Trait; humanistic
B. Psychoanalytic; behaviorist
C. Psychoanalytic; humanistic
D. Trait; behaviorist

Adler is to individual psychology as Jung is to:

A. collective psychology
B. existential psychology
C. depth psychology
D. analytical psychology

All of the following were personality type theorists EXCEPT:

A. Maslow
B. Galen
C. Hippocrates
D. Eysenck

Recent work in behavioural genetics has examined the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to human behavior. But which of the four assertions below is NOT true?

A. Research as shown monozygotic twins to have much more similar personality traits than dizygotic twins
B. Both adoption studies and twin studies are consistent with a genetic influence on personality
C. Adoption studies have shown that environment plays no part in the development of personality
D. Children who are genetically more active and impulsive can cause their parents to be more responsive to their needs than other children

A high school junior admires a movie star and follows the star’s life on the screen and in the newspapers, experiencing the same emotions as the star would. The student is using what type of defense mechanism?

A. repression
B. displacement
C. projection
D. identification

Karen Horney, a prominent Neo-Freudian, disputes Freud’s assumption that women:

A. never experience a phallic stage of development
B. suffer an Electra complex
C. often experience learned helplessness
D. have weak superegos

When Professor ljaz nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he overestimated the extent to which his student would notice that he was anxious. His reaction best illustrates:

A. reciprocal determinism
B. self-serving bias
C. the spotlight effect
D. an Electra complex